The Secret of Great Wall

Huailai County east, from the northeast to the southwest lie a rolling, imposing ancient architectural works, this is the Great Wall.

Great Wall of ancient China's greatest works, it reflects the tremendous achievements of China's ancient architecture, the performance of a high degree of wisdom and perseverance of the working people of ancient China, show a long history and splendid culture of the Chinese nation, is a symbol of the Chinese nation , is forever cherished cultural heritage. The territory of the county Yan Ming Great Wall, also condense the blood, sweat and wisdom of ancient peoples.

(A) the national struggle and the Great Wall built in the Ming Dynasty necessity

When it comes to the Great Wall, many into all that, as long as the Great Wall, Qin Shi Huang built must be undoubtedly. In fact, as early as the Qin Shi Huang in front of three or four hundred years had begun to Great Wall's construction work, Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Wei, Qin for mutual defense, are under the jurisdiction of the territory of the construction of the Great Wall, which is defensive works, with the scale of war escalation and production technology progress is a major undertaking in military science. In 221 BC, Qin Shi Huang unified the six countries, a centralized state order Gong group history, the Qin Dynasty, in addition to the twelve county that is set along the Great Wall (large ancient city site is located in the county was on the Valley Gunji) also sent generals of Penpower, Yangrui and rate of three hundred thousand troops, the Prince Edward Buso jianjun combat closed slaves, the demolition of the city walls of the various warring states, pass to Yan, Zhao and Qin Great Wall based a large scale to create the Great Wall since Lintao to Liaodong. The county west the Guanting Reservoir Barrage east along Mountains downs through large ancient city of South the big Yamaguchi, East Bay, Yanger Ridge into the soil until Liaoning, Liaoyang near near more than a thousand miles Great Wall Beijing Yanqing County Yingchengzi, is BC three hundred built ten year Yanzhao reign Yan northern boundary of the Great Wall.

After the Qin Dynasty to the Ming 1800 years, Han, Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Northern Qi, Northern Zhou, Sui, Liao and Jin, Ming generations of the Great Wall before repairs and additions, including the largest to the Han and Ming Dynasty. 1368 AD, the emperor in Nanjing to become emperor in August of the same year, the Ministry of Zhu Da into Dadu, declared Yuan perish, Soon Ming to change Yuandadu Peking House, the Mongolian aristocracy headed by Yuan Emperor Hui, relegated grasslands, separatist vast areas in the north of the Great Wall, claiming North yuan. However, because of its military power is still very strong, so the the Yuan dynasty remnants of the Ming court struggle in quite a wide area still rages on. Ming court after 20 years of conquest, known as Tatars, but go to their country and Ming court confrontation in Mobei, West Desert, northern Hebei, Liaoji area three trouble on the frontier (Tatars, Wala, Wu Liang Kazakhstan) still exist between the three tribes, in order to compete for grazing land, livestock, pastoralists according to the five predatory successive years melee, but Han plunder this point is consistent. Plus Wala Tartar tribes have unified the Mongolian tribes and powerful, especially Wala Ming court's intrusion, few Ming Dynastydestruction. Coupled with the rise of the northern statehood privet tribes and southward invasion, resulting in the Ming Dynasty had to eliminate the trouble on the frontier as a top priority of the Ming Dynasty.

In order to remove and defuse the confrontation, the Ming court to take the two policies: one said XuanFuShi. Using public comfort pension means to fight for the leader of the Mongolian tribes surrendered. Such as closing Wala, Tartar princes of the king of Wu Liangha tribes cede territory to the three health, labor forces. On the other hand, in order to prevent the southward invasion of Mongolian tribes, adopted a policy of active defense, namely the construction of the Great Wall, creation of the city. The founding of the first year, the first Ming put the construction of the Great Wall as a top priority, and to dispatch General Xu Da Juyongguan, etc. began building the Great Wall, and it took nearly a hundred years, until the completion of the Ming Great Wall project. After Yongle, Ming Dynasty more determined by high pressure into the determination of the defensive measures, "the final out of the World, border control is very strict, east from the Yalu, west Jiayu, Miangen Miles, subdivision set Shou". Said "subdivision located Shou" is the so-called Great Wall "nine towns." Subsidiary of the nine towns of the wall, known as the "Nine".

The establishment of the nine towns build important defensive measures taken by the Ming Dynasty, is a huge defense system unique at all times, while the project itself is the greatest ancient engineering.

(Two) dachangzhen the sidewall construction of basic

Given Beijing due north, northeast, northwest on three sides near the plug, the Mongolia words and privet regime repeatedly guilty of the edge of the actual situation, the Ming Dynasty was first established in Liaodong, Vision House, Datong, Yansui, Ningxia, Gansu, Jizhou (Station Three Tuen camp, now the Hebei to move WNW) Taiyuan, Guyuan this, nine city set age is largely complete step by step from the Hongwu to Jiajingnianjian.

Mongolia's South offensive focused on three towns Vision House, Datong, Jizhou thistle town became nine town to town, screen aboriginal capital powerhouse, as Wubei records, "said:" Thistle town is the capital Zhizuo lose Guochu declared, Liaoning Contact pillars off. " Thistle town defense agencies and officials, the Ming Dynasty, has been cautious, entrusted with the minister of state. And thistle town and its dachangzhen of, true security town formed the so-called in three passes.

Dachangzhen case thistle town jurisdiction is by three related a city, dachangzhen set "taking part (in Changping). Walls of dachangzhen within three off part of the walls, it east thistle town sidewall West first Mutianyu west town border town and then a Paul town boundary Zijingguan really a total length of 460 Whalley "Wubei Kingdoms" records, a total of "Castle 28 hollow enemy units 25o, Shoubian pier 169," According to the "Jifu Annals" records: dachangzhen "Total pass three tests 79

Yu Minutes dachangzhen in "Juyongguan there Pier Village 73, City 2, Fort 3, Mabu Jun 13762" records. Can be seen, dachangzhen defense system and facilities at the time is considerable.